Drawing Orienteering Maps in OCAD: Difference between revisions

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The focus of this tutorial is how to draw an orienteering map with OCAD. It doesn’t matter if you start a new mapping project or update an old existing map.
The focus of this tutorial is how to draw an orienteering map with OCAD.  
 
If you update an old existing map, please see the page '''[[Updating Orienteering Maps in OCAD]]'''.


==About OCAD==
==About OCAD==
===Run OCAD===
OCAD 2018 Orienteering and OCAD 2018 Mapping Solution are new available as '''[[Technical_Data#64-bit_Version_vs._32-bit_Version|64-bit version and 32-bit version]]'''. The OCAD Setup installs both versions. <br>
For normal use, the 32-bit version is sufficient. Please note, the 64-bit version isn't faster than the 32-bit version. The big advantage of 64-bit is that OCAD can allocate more than 3 GB RAM if available on the computer. That is important when loading huge raster background maps or DEM files.
===Structure of the OCAD User Interface===
===Structure of the OCAD User Interface===
The image below shows you the '''[[Graphical_User_Interface|OCAD User Interface]]'''.<br>
The image below shows you the '''[[Graphical_User_Interface|OCAD User Interface]]'''.<br>
[[File:GUI.JPG|1000x1000px]]
[[File:GUI.JPG|800px]]


===OCAD Help===
===OCAD Help===
You will find the following submenus in the '''Help''' menu.
OCAD provides numerous help material. You will find a detailed list in the '''[[Help]]''' menu.
: '''[[Main_Page|Contents]]:''' Opens the OCAD Main Page.
: '''[[Graphical_User_Interface#Menu|Menu]]:''' Help for menu commands.
: '''[[Graphical_User_Interface#Toolbars|Toolbar]]:''' Help for toolbar buttons.
: '''[[Tutorials|Tutorial]]:''' Link to the OCAD Tutorials.
: '''[[What is New]]:''' See the newly added functions on this page.
: '''[http://www.ocad.com/en/ OCAD Home page]:''' Opens OCAD homepage on the Internet.
: '''[[Service_Update#OCAD_Service_Update|OCAD Service Update]]:''' Download the current Service Update.
: '''[http://www.ocad.com/en/support/learn-video/ OCAD Tutorial Videos]:''' Connect to Learning Videos on OCAD homepage.
: '''[https://www.youtube.com/user/ocadcom/ OCAD Youtube Channel]:''' OCAD Youtube Channel
: '''Getting Started with OCAD 2018:''' Open the PDF file 'Getting Started with OCAD 2018'. For different languages see '''[https://www.ocad.com/en/getting-started/ here]'''
: '''[http://ocad.com/blog/ OCAD Blog]:''' Show the newest posts from the OCAD Blog. 
: '''[[License Transfer Utility]]:''' Opens the License Transfer Utility to deactivate your license and transfer it to another user.
: '''[[License Manager]]:''' The License Manager tool shows an overview about the OCAD licenses which are assigned to your organization (company or association).
: '''[[About OCAD]]:''' General Information about OCAD like license information and current version of OCAD.


===Service Update===
===Service Update===
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Therefore we recommend using OCAD software always with the most recent Service Update to benefit from the quality improvements.<br>
Therefore we recommend using OCAD software always with the most recent Service Update to benefit from the quality improvements.<br>
Please download the current Service Update from the '''Help -> OCAD Service Update''' function in the OCAD program.
Please download the current Service Update from the '''Help -> OCAD Update''' function in the OCAD program.


The content of the Service Update is listed in the '''[http://ocad.com/OCAD2018/OCAD_2018_Update.txt Release notes]'''. Your current version of OCAD can be seen under '''[[About OCAD]]''' in the '''Help''' menu.
The content of the Service Update is listed in the '''[http://ocad.com/OCAD2018/OCAD_2018_Update.txt Release notes]'''. Your current version of OCAD can be seen under '''[[About OCAD]]''' in the '''Help''' menu.


==New Map==
==New Map==
===Start a New Map File===
Start a new map using the '''[[New Map Wizard]]'''. The New Map Wizard is especially helpful if like to georeference your map and import directly cadastral data.
Alternatives, you can also start a '''[[Create_a_New_Map|new file]]'''.
 
Start the '''New Map Wizard'''.
 
*'''Data Source and Map type'''
In the first step of the wizard, you can import available geodata directly into OCAD.
 
If other available geodata are displayed in your country (on the left in the dialogue), it is worth importing them.
 
You can also import Open Street Map (OSM) data, which are available worldwide.
 
You can also use the wizard without importing geodata and only georeferencing the map correctly.


Before start mapping you should define which type of map you want to draw, which symbol set you want to use and which scale the map should have. For this tutorial we want to draw an normal forest orienteering map in scale 1:10'000.
[[File:NMW datasource.png|700px]]


To create a new map:
*'''Symbol set'''
#Select '''New''' in the '''File''' menu. The '''New File''' dialog box appears.
Select a symbol set, e.g., ''Orienteering Map ISOM 2017 15000.ocd''
#:[[File:NewFile.PNG]]
# Choose a map type. OCAD provides predefined symbol sets to help you begin drawing your map immediately. Choose the symbol set '''Orienteering Map ISOM 2017 10000.ocd'''.
# Deside in which '''scale''' the map shall be drawn. Set the scale to 1:10'000.
# Choose the language of the symbol set. (only at ISOM 2017 available)
# By clicking the '''OK''' button, OCAD creates a new map and copies the chosen symbol set to it.
<br>
Click '''[[Create_a_New_Map#Create_a_New_Map|here]]''' to learn more about this step.


===Set Scale and Coordinate System===
Choose a map scale, e.g., 1: 15'000.
Select the '''Set Scale and Coordinate System''' item from the '''[[Map]]''' menu. The '''Set Scale and Coordinate System''' dialog box appears.


[[File:SetScaleAnd CoordinateSystem.PNG]]
Assign a file name.


====Enter the Map Scale====
If you have imported geodata in the first sep, use a CRT file to ensure that the imported objects are assigned to the correct OCAD symbols.
Enter a scale and click the '''OK''' button.<br />
[[File:NMW symbolSet.png|700px]]
[[File:Hint.jpg|hint]] Do not use this dialog to change the scale after entering the initial values. To increase or decrease the size of the map subsequently, use the '''[[Map#Change_Scale|Change Scale]]''' function in the '''[[Map]]''' menu. Setting the current scale does not enlarge or reduce the map. It only changes a number in the map file and georeferencing will be lost.


====Georeference the Map====
*'''Georeference'''
Before loading a georeferenced '''[[Background Map]]''', work with '''[[GPS]]''' data or import '''[[DEM|Spatial Base Data]]''', we recommend that you first georeference the map. Georeferencing means, that you assign space-related reference information to objects in a spatial reference system. Shortly: A georeferenced map is assigned to a coordinate system. You should contact your data supplier, national surveying office or cartographic institute to find out which coordinate system will best suit your needs.  
Move and zoom on the map to the desired map section.


# Choose wheter you want define '''Paper coordinates''' (in mm) or '''Real world coordinates'''. We choose '''Real world coordinates''' for this tutorial.
The data listed above is downloaded for the map section you see in the window. If you move the map in the window, the import area in the lower right area is adjusted. Keep the map section as small as possible so that an unnecessarily large amount of data is not downloaded.
# In the '''Easting offset''' and '''Northing offset''' fields, enter the coordinate values for the center of your map.
# The coordinate system can be rotated by entering a value in the '''Angle''' field. The "Angle" is the deviation from the magnetic North to the coordinate system. At the moment there are 0-degree deviation in Switzerland.
# In the '''Grid distance''' field, enter the desired distance for the '''[[View#Show_Screen_Grid|Coordinate Grid]] lines.


[[File:Hint.jpg|hint]] Enter the coordinate values for the center of your map in the horizontal and vertical offset fields. This is important since the drawing area of OCAD is limited to 4 x 4 m in the [[File:Ori40px.PNG|link=https://www.ocad.com/en/products/ocad-for-orienteering]] '''Orienteering''' edition, in the [[File:Sta40px.PNG|link=https://www.ocad.com/en/products/ocad-for-orienteering]] '''Starter''' edition as well as in the [[File:CS40px.PNG|link=https://www.ocad.com/en/products/ocad-for-orienteering]] '''Course Setting''' edition and 80 x 80 m in the [[File:Mas40px.PNG|link=https://www.ocad.com/en/products/ocad-for-cartography]] '''OCAD Mapping Solution'''. This option is used to ensure that imported '''[[DEM|Spatial Base Data]]''', georeferenced '''[[Background Map|Background Maps]]''' and '''[[GPS]]''' measurements do not lie outside the drawing area.
In the lower right area of the dialogue, you can adjust the import area yourself by entering coordinates. This can be useful if, for example, the map extends north-south and you do not want to download an unnecessary amount of data on the east and west edges.


====Coordinate System====
Select the coordinate system.
Click the '''Choose''' button to define a coordinate system. The '''Coordinate System''' dialog appears.


[[File:CoordinateSystemDialog.PNG]]
Select Rotate map to magnetic north. Leave the suggested angle.


Choose the desired coordinate system. OCAD supports a lot of coordinate systems.  
Create the map.


Click '''[[Create_a_New_Map#Set_Scale_and_Coordinate_System|here]]''' to learn more about Scale, Coordinat System and Georeferencing.
[[File:NMW georeference.png|700px]]


*'''Result'''
the wizard now creates a new file, which is correctly georeferenced and contains the desired symbol set.
[[File:NMW finished.png|700px]]


==Create the Base Map for the Field Work==
==Create the Base Map for the Field Work==
Before you go mapping into the terrain, you should try to create the best possible base map. The more
Before you go mapping into the terrain, you should try to create the best possible base map. The more
you invest in your base map, the faster and more accurate your mapping will be.
you invest in your base map, the faster and more accurate your mapping will be.
In OCAD you can import spatial data, old orienteering maps, derive own base maps with LiDAR data
In OCAD you can import spatial data, load old orienteering maps, derive own base maps with LiDAR data, connect to WMS/WMTS
and combine them.  
and combine them. You can also sketch features based on hill shadings, orthophotos, ect. before you go to the terrain.  


===Raster Base Maps===
===Raster Base Maps===
Typically, the orthophotos and topographic maps for orienteering maps are delivered as raster files.
Typically, the orthophotos and topographic maps for orienteering maps are delivered as raster files.
OCAD 2018 supports, among others, the most common used raster files: JPG, TIFF and PNG.
OCAD supports, among others, the most common used raster files: JPG, TIFF and PNG.


Orthophotos and topographic maps are mostly georeferenced. Raster files are georeferenced, when
Orthophotos and topographic maps are mostly georeferenced. Raster files are georeferenced, when
the pixels are referenced with the coordinates. Normally the georeferencing data is saved in a world
the pixels are referenced with the coordinates. Normally the georeferencing data is saved in a world
file. The world file has the same file name as the raster file, but with another file extension: JPG → JGW,
file in the same folder. The world file has the same file name as the raster file, but with another file extension: Picture1.JPG → Picture1.JGW,
TIFF → TFW, PNG → PGW.
Picture2.TIFF → Picture2.TFW, Picture3.PNG → Picture3.PGW.


====Open Georeferenced Raster Base Map as Background Map====
====Open Georeferenced Raster Base Map as Background Map====
Click to '''[[Background_Map|Background Map->Open]]'''
Click to '''[[Background_Map|Background Map->Open]]'''


If there's not yet a coordinate system and offset, the '''[[Background_Map#Use_a_Georeferenced_Raster_Map_as_Background_Map|Background Map (Georeferenced)]]''' dialog appears and shows the georeferencing of the selected background map.
If there's not yet a coordinate system and offset, the '''[[Background_Map#Use_a_Georeferenced_Raster_Map_as_Background_Map|Background Map (Georeferenced)]]''' dialog appears and shows the proposed georeferencing of the selected background map.


Click '''OK'''.
Click '''OK'''.
The georeferencing raster files will be automatically displayed at the right position.


====Open not Georeferenced Raster Base Map as a Background Map====
====Open not Georeferenced Raster Base Map as a Background Map====
Click to '''[[Background_Map|Background Map->Open]]'''
Click to '''[[Background_Map|Background Map->Open]]'''


It the seleced file is [[Background_Map#Use_a_Non_Georeferenced_Raster_Map_as_Background_Map|not georeferenced]], you need to enter a resolution for the background map (if a raster map is loaded) and click the '''OK''' button.<br>
It the seleced file is [[Background_Map#Use_a_Non_Georeferenced_Raster_Map_as_Background_Map|not georeferenced]] (e.g. an old orienteering map), you need to enter a resolution for the background map (e.g. 300 dpi) and click the '''OK''' button.<br>
[[File:NonGeoreferencedRasterMap.png]]
[[File:NonGeoreferencedRasterMap.png]]


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[[File:Hint.jpg]]We recommend you to print the grid on the base map. Thereby you can adjust your scanned base map easier.
[[File:Hint.jpg]]We recommend you to print the grid on the base map. Thereby you can adjust your scanned base map easier.
In the dialog '''[[Printing_Maps|File->Print]]''' select '''Print screen grid''' and choose the '''Grid color'''.  
In the dialog '''[[Printing_Maps|File->Print]]''' select '''Print screen grid''' and choose the '''Grid color'''.


===Preparation of LiDAR Data===
===Preparation of LiDAR Data===
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accurate.
accurate.


For this purpose, there's an extra tutorial about '''[[Using Airborne Laserscanning Data for Orienteering Base Map Generation]]'''
For this purpose, there's an extra tutorial about '''[[Using Airborne Laserscanning Data for Orienteering Base Map Generation]]'''.
There you will learn, how to proceed LiDAR data in OCAD and how to use them when drawing orienteering maps..
There you will learn, how to proceed LiDAR data in OCAD and how to use them when drawing orienteering maps..


[[File:DEMReadyForMapping.PNG]]
[[File:DEMVegetationHeightExample.png|800px]]


===Import Vector Data===
===Import Vector Data===
Vector data can also be used to create the base map. The advantage is that vector data contain point, line, area and text objects which are directly converted to map objects during the import into OCAD. It saves a lot of time because especially in urban surroundings many map objects can be created automatically instead of being digitized manually.
Vector data can also be used to create the base map. The advantage is that vector data contain point, line, area and text objects which are directly converted to map objects during the import into OCAD. It saves a lot of time because especially in urban surroundings many map objects can be created automatically instead of being digitized manually.
Governmental data is generally available as DXF or Shape files. OCAD can also import other vector data formats like PDF, AI, SVG or OSM (Open Street Map).
Governmental data is generally available as Shape files, GeoPackages or DXF. OCAD can also import other vector data formats like PDF, AI, SVG or OSM (Open Street Map).


#Go to '''File->Import'''
#Go to '''File->Import'''
#Choose an '''[[Import_Files|importable file]], e.g. a dxf-file.
#Choose an '''[[Import_Files|importable file]], e.g. a dxf-file.
#:[[File:DxfImport1.png]]
#:[[File:DxfImport1.png]]
#The vector data is shown as '''Unsymbolized objects''' in the drawing area. You can symbolize the objects automatically:
#The vector data is shown as '''Unsymbolized objects''' in the drawing area. If you select an object, the layer designation is displayed in the bottom left of the status bar.
#:[[File:UnsymbolisedObjectExample.png]]
#You can symbolize the objects automatically:
#:'''Map → [[Map#Convert_Imported_Layers_to_Symbols|Convert Imported Layers to Symbols…]]'''
#:'''Map → [[Map#Convert_Imported_Layers_to_Symbols|Convert Imported Layers to Symbols…]]'''
#:[[File:DxfImport3.png]]
#:[[File:DxfImport3.png]]
Line 139: Line 130:
[[File:ConvertImportedLayers.gif]]
[[File:ConvertImportedLayers.gif]]


===Revision of an Existing Orienteering Map===
===Add more data sources===
If you use an old orienteering map as a base map for the revision, you have to consider following
 
points:
====Connect to WMS/WMTS====
*Control if the scale is proper.
You can connect to a '''[[WMS|WMS (Web Map Service) or WMTS (Web Map Tile Service)]]''' and use their images as background maps in OCAD.  
*Check the declination.
 
*'''[[Symbol_Set_Conversion|Correct the symbol set]]''' and match it to the current international specification.
There are already many predefined connections in OCAD, which you can use.
*Convert freehand lines into curves.
*Delete disturbing objects. The base map shouldn’t contain any dark area objects.


The preparation of an existing OCAD file for a revision needs experience. It is recommended to consult
[[File:WMS CadastralSurvey.png]]
an experienced map drawer or a map consultant.


[[File:Hint.jpg]]If your map is not georeferenced or no LiDAR/cadastral data has been used before, we recommend
====Load a georeferenced aerial image====
you to start your new map from scratch. As you could see in the chapters above, high quality base
In the '''[[Online_Map_Services| Online Map Services]]''' menu, you can load a georeferenced aerial image e.g., from Google Maps into the map.
maps can be produced in a minute, where all objects are at the right place.
 
[[File:OnlineMapServicesBackgroundMap.png|580px]]
 
====Start Geoviewer====
Select the '''[[Open_Geoviewer|Open Geoviewer]]''' icon in the toolbar.
 
Click in the drawing area and Google Street Map will open in the appropriate place.
 
[[File:OpenGeoviewerExample.jpg]]
===Display of the base map in OCAD===
After completing the wizard and/or importing (further) geodata, the results can be viewed in OCAD.
 
If you use a mobile device for field mapping, then you can switch between the different base maps.
 
In OCAD, all raster maps are listed in the menu '''[[Background_Map#Manage_Background_Maps|Background Map -> Manage]]'''. You can change the visibility (V) and the order of the background maps there.
 
The background map at the top of the list is displayed in the OCAD window before the other background maps.
 
[[File:DEMReadyForMapping.PNG|800px]]
 
The transparency (T) of the background map can also be set here. For example, an aerial photograph can be combined with a vegetation height map. The transparency cannot be set later in the OCAD Sketch app.
 
Switch to '''[[View_Mode#Draft_Mode|Draft Mode]]''' in the '''[[View]]''' menu. This makes the drawing area transparent, and the background maps are visible under the map.
A slider appears in the view toolbar to adjust the opacity of the Map/Map (M) and the Background Map/Background Map (B).
 
Dark area signatures in the base map can be disturbing for the terrain mapping, as the sketches do not appear well legible on them. The following functions help you to tackle this problem.
*'''[[Symbol#Symbol_Status|Hide]]''' (F4) irrelevant symbols for the terrain survey.
*'''[[Change_Symbol|Convert]]''' area symbols to line symbols.
* '''[[View#Hatch_Areas|Hatch Areas]]''' so that they become transparent.


==Mapping in the terrain==
==Mapping in the terrain==
Nowadays, with the right background material and equipment, mapping in the terrain is not about the right place of the object - it is about which objects should be on the map. This process is called generalisation and is done differently by every cartographer. Also, it is more important to draw the object right relative to the others than exactly true-to-location.
===Mobile Mapping===
Mobile mapping with the OCAD Sketch App has several advantages over a traditional pen and paper terrain survey:
*Possibility to switch between different background maps
*Use of GPS for position determination and trajectory
*Different colours and line thickness, plus an eraser tool
*Manage multiple projects on one device
*Promote collaboration thanks to OCAD Cloud Transfer (event adviser, controller, course setter with map maker)
*No more scanning and matching of the paper sketch necessary, as sketches from app are georeferenced
[[File:Hint.jpg]] If you are interested in buying a tablet, you can find some recommendations '''[[Technical_Data#Mobile_Mapping|here]]'''.
====OCAD on Android or iOS devices====
The '''[[OCAD_Sketch_App|OCAD Sketch App]]''' complements the desktop version of OCAD and runs on Android and iOS devices. It is designed for mapping in the field – both for new mapping as well as revisions, feedback from course planners or map reviewers. The OCAD Sketch App can be downloaded for free from Google Play Store (Android) or Apple App Store (iOS). Search for ''OCAD Sketch''.


Nowadays, with the right background material and equipment, mapping in the terrain is not about the right place of the object - it is about which objects should be on the map. This process is called generalisation and is done differently by every cartographer.  
+ Very ergonomic and intuitive to use. Designed specifically for mobile mapping.  


In case your background material isn't that great, you can get help of a '''[[GPS|GPS device]]''' or a '''[[Laser_Rangefinder|Laser Rangefinder]]'''. In this case, mapping with a Tablet PC can make sense. OCAD supports real-time GPS so you can see you current position on the tablet. Furthermore, switching between differnt background maps is easy.
- Only sketches can be drawn and not OCAD objects directly.


However, most cartographer still prefer to map with pen and paper. This way, you are faster in the field and can make the final drawing at home, where you work more efficiently and weather independent.
All information about the OCAD is available at [https://www.ocad.com/app https://www.ocad.com/app]


[[File:WPSliderSketchApp04.png]]


[[File:MappingTerrain.png]]
====OCAD on Windows Tablet====
OCAD has been developped as a Desktop application. However, OCAD also runs on Windows tablets.  


In the example above, the following color were used: <br>
+ You have the full OCAD functionality and can draw the map directly in the terrain, instead of just draw sketches.
Black: Buildings, streets, paved area, rocks, stones <br>
Red: Terrain, canopies/passages, open land <br>
Blue: Water, wells, walls, fences <br>
Green: Vegetation, hedges, trees <br>


==Prepare your field work for digitizing==
- Operation is not as ergonomic as in OCAD Sketch App, which has been designed for mobile devices.
===Scan Field Work, Open it as a Background Map and Adjust===
When you are back from mapping...
#Scan your field work and save it in a raster format (JPG, TIFF or PNG).
#'''Background Map->Open'''
#'''[[Background_Map#Adjust_a_Background_Map|Adjust your Background Map]]''' (F9)


===Background Map Options===
[[File:RuggedTablet.png]]
Go to '''Background Map -> Manage'''
In the Manage Background Map dialog a table is displayed, in which all loaded background maps are listed.
[[File:ManageBackgroundMap1.png]]
* '''V (Visible):''' You can make a background map visible or hide it by clicking the corresponding cell in this column. An eye icon in this column means that the background map is visible.<br />
: [[File:Hint.jpg|hint]] To hide all background maps temporary use the '''[[Background Map#Hide all Background Maps|Hide All]]''' command in the '''Background Map''' menu.
* '''F (Visible in Background Favorites view mode):''' You can make a background map visible or hide it in the '''[[View_Mode#Draft_Mode_Only_Background_Map_Favorites|Background Favorites]]''' by clicking the corresponding cell in this column. An eye icon in this column means that the background map is visible in the '''[[View_Mode#Draft_Mode_Only_Background_Map_Favorites|Background Favorites]]'''.
* '''Dim:''' In this column you can enter a value in percentage to make the background map appear brighter, i.e. to dim it. 0% means the background map is displayed in its original colors. 100% means the background map appears completely white. Dimming is used to get a better distinction between the background map and the map.
* '''T (Transparent):''' If more than one background map is opened you can set them transparent so that both are visible. Activate this option by clicking the corresponding cell in this column.


[[File:Hint.jpg]]The order of the background maps can be changed with the arrow icons [[File:MoveUpDown.png]] or with drag and drop.
===Paper and Pen===
The old fashioned way to map in the terrain.


===Background Map Options===
+ You don't have to worry about the battery running out or the tablet breaking down.
Choose the '''Hide All''' command in the '''Background Map''' menu or press the '''F10''' key to hide all background maps temporarily or make them visible when they are hidden.
 
- You have no GPS support and cannot switch between differnt background maps. Also, you need to scan the field work, open it as a background map and [[Background_Map#Adjust_a_Background_Map|adjust]] it later in OCAD.
 
[[File:MappingTerrain.png|800px]]


==Draw an Object on the Map==
==Draw an Object on the Map==
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Find more information on the '''[[Edit Object]]''' page.
Find more information on the '''[[Edit Object]]''' page.


==Check your Map==
==Draw map legibly==
The term '''Generalisation''' was mentioned already above and deals with the question, which objects are important and should be on a map and which are not. The problem is seldom that there are too few objects on the map, but often are too many and too small objects on the map. This has to do with more accurate background maps, on which you see every detail.


Be also aware, that orienteering maps are no cadastral maps. Readability is much more important than position accuracy. You are allowed to cheat, e.g. make buildings smaller to emphasize a passage. Nobody will recognise.  
The term generalisation deals with the question of which objects are important and should appear on a map and which should not. The problem on orienteering maps is rarely that there are too few objects on the map. Rather, the map is overloaded with too many and too small objects. One reason for this is the accurate background maps nowadays, on which every detail can be seen.


OCAD has a function called '''[[Map#Check_Legibility|Check Legibility]]''' that helps you verifying your map. <br>
Be also aware, that orienteering maps are no cadastral maps. Readability is much more important than position accuracy. You are allowed to cheat, e.g. make buildings smaller to emphasize a passage.
Use this function to check minimum distances between objects, minimum length of line objects or minimum size of area objects according to ISOM 2017.


The International Orienteering Federation (IOF) has developed specifications that define a minimum size for each symbol. In OCAD it is possible to check directly during drawing whether the drawn line or surface object corresponds to the minimum size of the specifications.


[[File:CheckLegability areaSize.PNG]]
The following tools and functions helpyou to draw the map legibly:
 
*'''[[OCAD_Preferences#Legibility|Show legibility halo]]'''
:[[File:Live Preview.png]]
*'''[[OCAD_Preferences#Legibility|Check IOF minimum dimensions]]'''
:[[File:CheckIOFMinimumDimensions.gif]]
*'''[[OCAD_Preferences#Enable_live_preview|Enable live preview]]'''
:[[File:LivePreviewEnabled.gif]]
*'''[[Map#Check_Legibility|Check legibility]]'''
:[[File:CheckLegability areaSize.PNG|580px]]


==Colors and Symbols==
==Colors and Symbols==
===Colors===
===Colors===
In the '''Map -> [[Colors]]''' dialog you can manage the colors of the symbols. You shouldn’t change something in the list, when you don’t know what you are doing.
In the '''[[Colors]]''' dialog you can manage the colors of the symbols. You shouldn’t change something in the list, when you don’t know what you are doing.
The order of the colors in the color list regulates the overlaying: a color covers at the printing all the colors that are below.
The order of the colors in the color list regulates the overlaying: a color covers at the printing all the colors that are below.


The actual ISOM Symbol Sets of OCAD contains the latest CMYK color value. However, they may change from time to time. The latest CMYK color values can be found [[https://orienteering.org/resources/mapping/ here]].
The actual ISOM Symbol Sets of OCAD contains the latest CMYK color value. However, they may change from time to time. The latest CMYK color values can be found [[https://orienteering.org/resources/mapping/ here]].


===Symbols===
===Symbol Sets for Orienteering Maps===
====Symbol Sets for Orienteering Maps====
OCAD provides many predefined symbol sets for orientation maps and continuously adapts them to the currently valid specifications.  
OCAD delivers many predefined Symbol Sets for Orienteering maps and are part of OCAD 2018.
Select one of the symbol sets when starting a new file.
Choose one of the Symbol Set, when you start a new file '''File -> New'''.
The latest ISOM (International Specification for Orienteering Maps) is ISOM 2017 for Forest Maps. If your
map is still in an older ISOM standard, you can change the symbols to ISOM 2017 under '''Map -> [[Symbol_Set_Conversion|Symbol Set Conversion]]'''.


For Sprint Maps the latest specification is only 2007 (ISSOM 2007).
See the page '''[[Symbol_Set_Overview|Symbol Set Overview]]''' to get an overview of the current and old symbol sets that are used in orienteering sports.
The symbol sets are also delivered for Ski and Bike orienteering.


If your map is still in an older standard, you can change the symbols with the '''[[Symbol_Set_Conversion|Symbol Set Conversion]]''' function.


==Print and Export==
==Print and Export==
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[[File:Hint.jpg]] You can't export a PDF, when you are in the '''[[View_Mode|Draft View]]''' mode. Change to the Normal mode.
[[File:Hint.jpg]] You can't export a PDF, when you are in the '''[[View_Mode|Draft View]]''' mode. Change to the Normal mode.


[[File:Hint.jpg]] Due to color display, we recommend you to always create a PDF first out of OCAD and print this PDF. OCAD works with CMYK Colors and they will only be displayed correctly this way. What you see on your screen are RGB-Colors from the Windows Graphics Device Interface (GDI). When you print maps directly out of OCAD, the Windows GDI converts the CMYK values first in RGB values and your printer driver back to CMYK values. This may it may come to changes in the color values.
[[File:Hint.jpg]] Due to color display, we recommend you to always create a PDF first out of OCAD and print this PDF afterwards. OCAD works with CMYK Colors and they will only be displayed correctly this way. What you see on your screen are RGB-Colors from the Windows Graphics Device Interface (GDI). When you print maps directly out of OCAD, OCAD converts the CMYK values first in RGB values and your printer driver back to CMYK values. This way it may come to changes in the color values.


[[File:ColorDisplay.png|800px]]
[[File:ColorDisplay.png|800px]]
==Tipps and Tricks==
*Define '''[[Options#Shortcuts|Shortcuts]]''' for faster drawing and editing.
*Create a '''[[Map#Create_Map_Grid|Map Grid]]''' and set e.g. to 10m to get a be better sense of distance in the terrain.
*'''[[Tips_with_Keyboard_and_Mouse|Tips with Keyboard and Mouse]]''' to optimize your drawing and editing skills in OCAD.
*Read '''[[Copy_from_Map_to_Map|here]]''' how to copy objects or symbols from one map to another map or how to create a own Symbol Set.

Latest revision as of 16:02, 4 April 2023

The focus of this tutorial is how to draw an orienteering map with OCAD.

If you update an old existing map, please see the page Updating Orienteering Maps in OCAD.

About OCAD

Structure of the OCAD User Interface

The image below shows you the OCAD User Interface.
GUI.JPG

OCAD Help

OCAD provides numerous help material. You will find a detailed list in the Help menu.

Service Update

Regular and free updates are included in the OCAD subscription model. The Service Update corrects known bugs and adds the latest cartography tools and enhancements to your OCAD.

Therefore we recommend using OCAD software always with the most recent Service Update to benefit from the quality improvements.
Please download the current Service Update from the Help -> OCAD Update function in the OCAD program.

The content of the Service Update is listed in the Release notes. Your current version of OCAD can be seen under About OCAD in the Help menu.

New Map

Start a new map using the New Map Wizard. The New Map Wizard is especially helpful if like to georeference your map and import directly cadastral data. Alternatives, you can also start a new file.

Start the New Map Wizard.

  • Data Source and Map type

In the first step of the wizard, you can import available geodata directly into OCAD.

If other available geodata are displayed in your country (on the left in the dialogue), it is worth importing them.

You can also import Open Street Map (OSM) data, which are available worldwide.

You can also use the wizard without importing geodata and only georeferencing the map correctly.

NMW datasource.png

  • Symbol set

Select a symbol set, e.g., Orienteering Map ISOM 2017 15000.ocd

Choose a map scale, e.g., 1: 15'000.

Assign a file name.

If you have imported geodata in the first sep, use a CRT file to ensure that the imported objects are assigned to the correct OCAD symbols. NMW symbolSet.png

  • Georeference

Move and zoom on the map to the desired map section.

The data listed above is downloaded for the map section you see in the window. If you move the map in the window, the import area in the lower right area is adjusted. Keep the map section as small as possible so that an unnecessarily large amount of data is not downloaded.

In the lower right area of the dialogue, you can adjust the import area yourself by entering coordinates. This can be useful if, for example, the map extends north-south and you do not want to download an unnecessary amount of data on the east and west edges.

Select the coordinate system.

Select Rotate map to magnetic north. Leave the suggested angle.

Create the map.

NMW georeference.png

  • Result

the wizard now creates a new file, which is correctly georeferenced and contains the desired symbol set.

NMW finished.png

Create the Base Map for the Field Work

Before you go mapping into the terrain, you should try to create the best possible base map. The more you invest in your base map, the faster and more accurate your mapping will be. In OCAD you can import spatial data, load old orienteering maps, derive own base maps with LiDAR data, connect to WMS/WMTS and combine them. You can also sketch features based on hill shadings, orthophotos, ect. before you go to the terrain.

Raster Base Maps

Typically, the orthophotos and topographic maps for orienteering maps are delivered as raster files. OCAD supports, among others, the most common used raster files: JPG, TIFF and PNG.

Orthophotos and topographic maps are mostly georeferenced. Raster files are georeferenced, when the pixels are referenced with the coordinates. Normally the georeferencing data is saved in a world file in the same folder. The world file has the same file name as the raster file, but with another file extension: Picture1.JPG → Picture1.JGW, Picture2.TIFF → Picture2.TFW, Picture3.PNG → Picture3.PGW.

Open Georeferenced Raster Base Map as Background Map

Click to Background Map->Open

If there's not yet a coordinate system and offset, the Background Map (Georeferenced) dialog appears and shows the proposed georeferencing of the selected background map.

Click OK.

The georeferencing raster files will be automatically displayed at the right position.

Open not Georeferenced Raster Base Map as a Background Map

Click to Background Map->Open

It the seleced file is not georeferenced (e.g. an old orienteering map), you need to enter a resolution for the background map (e.g. 300 dpi) and click the OK button.
NonGeoreferencedRasterMap.png

The background map is displayed at the center of the current drawing area. The raster map (background map) now needs to be adjusted with the map (Adjust a Background Map). In other words, it needs to be referenced with the map coordinate system.
AdjustBackgroundMap.gif

Hint.jpgWe recommend you to print the grid on the base map. Thereby you can adjust your scanned base map easier. In the dialog File->Print select Print screen grid and choose the Grid color.

Preparation of LiDAR Data

LiDAR data is often a base for orienteering maps and highly recommended to use if available. LiDAR data is available as a point cloud in the las/laz file format. With LiDAR data, you can easily get lot of information about the terrain and the vegetation, which will make mapping much faster and more accurate.

For this purpose, there's an extra tutorial about Using Airborne Laserscanning Data for Orienteering Base Map Generation. There you will learn, how to proceed LiDAR data in OCAD and how to use them when drawing orienteering maps..

DEMVegetationHeightExample.png

Import Vector Data

Vector data can also be used to create the base map. The advantage is that vector data contain point, line, area and text objects which are directly converted to map objects during the import into OCAD. It saves a lot of time because especially in urban surroundings many map objects can be created automatically instead of being digitized manually. Governmental data is generally available as Shape files, GeoPackages or DXF. OCAD can also import other vector data formats like PDF, AI, SVG or OSM (Open Street Map).

  1. Go to File->Import
  2. Choose an importable file, e.g. a dxf-file.
    DxfImport1.png
  3. The vector data is shown as Unsymbolized objects in the drawing area. If you select an object, the layer designation is displayed in the bottom left of the status bar.
    UnsymbolisedObjectExample.png
  4. You can symbolize the objects automatically:
    Map → Convert Imported Layers to Symbols…
    DxfImport3.png
  5. The map now shows all objects with the assigned symbols.

Hint.jpg You can also Convert the imported Layers manually.
ConvertImportedLayers.gif

Add more data sources

Connect to WMS/WMTS

You can connect to a WMS (Web Map Service) or WMTS (Web Map Tile Service) and use their images as background maps in OCAD.

There are already many predefined connections in OCAD, which you can use.

WMS CadastralSurvey.png

Load a georeferenced aerial image

In the Online Map Services menu, you can load a georeferenced aerial image e.g., from Google Maps into the map.

OnlineMapServicesBackgroundMap.png

Start Geoviewer

Select the Open Geoviewer icon in the toolbar.

Click in the drawing area and Google Street Map will open in the appropriate place.

OpenGeoviewerExample.jpg

Display of the base map in OCAD

After completing the wizard and/or importing (further) geodata, the results can be viewed in OCAD.

If you use a mobile device for field mapping, then you can switch between the different base maps.

In OCAD, all raster maps are listed in the menu Background Map -> Manage. You can change the visibility (V) and the order of the background maps there.

The background map at the top of the list is displayed in the OCAD window before the other background maps.

DEMReadyForMapping.PNG

The transparency (T) of the background map can also be set here. For example, an aerial photograph can be combined with a vegetation height map. The transparency cannot be set later in the OCAD Sketch app.

Switch to Draft Mode in the View menu. This makes the drawing area transparent, and the background maps are visible under the map. A slider appears in the view toolbar to adjust the opacity of the Map/Map (M) and the Background Map/Background Map (B).

Dark area signatures in the base map can be disturbing for the terrain mapping, as the sketches do not appear well legible on them. The following functions help you to tackle this problem.

  • Hide (F4) irrelevant symbols for the terrain survey.
  • Convert area symbols to line symbols.
  • Hatch Areas so that they become transparent.

Mapping in the terrain

Nowadays, with the right background material and equipment, mapping in the terrain is not about the right place of the object - it is about which objects should be on the map. This process is called generalisation and is done differently by every cartographer. Also, it is more important to draw the object right relative to the others than exactly true-to-location.

Mobile Mapping

Mobile mapping with the OCAD Sketch App has several advantages over a traditional pen and paper terrain survey:

  • Possibility to switch between different background maps
  • Use of GPS for position determination and trajectory
  • Different colours and line thickness, plus an eraser tool
  • Manage multiple projects on one device
  • Promote collaboration thanks to OCAD Cloud Transfer (event adviser, controller, course setter with map maker)
  • No more scanning and matching of the paper sketch necessary, as sketches from app are georeferenced

Hint.jpg If you are interested in buying a tablet, you can find some recommendations here.

OCAD on Android or iOS devices

The OCAD Sketch App complements the desktop version of OCAD and runs on Android and iOS devices. It is designed for mapping in the field – both for new mapping as well as revisions, feedback from course planners or map reviewers. The OCAD Sketch App can be downloaded for free from Google Play Store (Android) or Apple App Store (iOS). Search for OCAD Sketch.

+ Very ergonomic and intuitive to use. Designed specifically for mobile mapping.

- Only sketches can be drawn and not OCAD objects directly.

All information about the OCAD is available at https://www.ocad.com/app

WPSliderSketchApp04.png

OCAD on Windows Tablet

OCAD has been developped as a Desktop application. However, OCAD also runs on Windows tablets.

+ You have the full OCAD functionality and can draw the map directly in the terrain, instead of just draw sketches.

- Operation is not as ergonomic as in OCAD Sketch App, which has been designed for mobile devices.

RuggedTablet.png

Paper and Pen

The old fashioned way to map in the terrain.

+ You don't have to worry about the battery running out or the tablet breaking down.

- You have no GPS support and cannot switch between differnt background maps. Also, you need to scan the field work, open it as a background map and adjust it later in OCAD.

MappingTerrain.png

Draw an Object on the Map

To draw an object, click on the symbol in the symbol box first, then choose the drawing tool in the toolbar and finally draw the object in the drawing area.
Please read the Wiki Page Drawing an Object to learn more about it.

DrawingMap.gif

Edit Objects

To edit an object, there are many edit tools:

  • Edit tools in the Edit and Drawing Toolbar
EditAndDrawingToolbar.png
  • Edit functions in the Edit Functions Toolbar
EditFunctionsToolbar.png

To edit an object, the object has to been selected:

  • Select and Edit Object(s) Icon SelectAndEditObject.PNG e.g. move an object
  • Select Object and Edit Vertex Icon SelectObjectAndEditVertex.PNG e.g. insert, move, remove a vertex

Find more information on the Edit Object page.

Draw map legibly

The term generalisation deals with the question of which objects are important and should appear on a map and which should not. The problem on orienteering maps is rarely that there are too few objects on the map. Rather, the map is overloaded with too many and too small objects. One reason for this is the accurate background maps nowadays, on which every detail can be seen.

Be also aware, that orienteering maps are no cadastral maps. Readability is much more important than position accuracy. You are allowed to cheat, e.g. make buildings smaller to emphasize a passage.

The International Orienteering Federation (IOF) has developed specifications that define a minimum size for each symbol. In OCAD it is possible to check directly during drawing whether the drawn line or surface object corresponds to the minimum size of the specifications.

The following tools and functions helpyou to draw the map legibly:

Live Preview.png
CheckIOFMinimumDimensions.gif
LivePreviewEnabled.gif
CheckLegability areaSize.PNG

Colors and Symbols

Colors

In the Colors dialog you can manage the colors of the symbols. You shouldn’t change something in the list, when you don’t know what you are doing. The order of the colors in the color list regulates the overlaying: a color covers at the printing all the colors that are below.

The actual ISOM Symbol Sets of OCAD contains the latest CMYK color value. However, they may change from time to time. The latest CMYK color values can be found [here].

Symbol Sets for Orienteering Maps

OCAD provides many predefined symbol sets for orientation maps and continuously adapts them to the currently valid specifications. Select one of the symbol sets when starting a new file.

See the page Symbol Set Overview to get an overview of the current and old symbol sets that are used in orienteering sports.

If your map is still in an older standard, you can change the symbols with the Symbol Set Conversion function.

Print and Export

Print

Go to File>Print (or Ctrl+P) to print your map. Select printer, scale and extend. Read more on the Printing Maps page.

Hint.jpg Print your map in the intended scale after a while. Check if you can read all details. Remember to keep at least the minimum dimensions defined by the IOF. The Check Legibility function helps you with that. When working with 64x zoom level, you easily get too small and too many symbols on your map.


Export Files

Go to File>Export (or Ctrl+E) to export your map. Set output file, quality and extend. Read more on the Export Files page.

Hint.jpg You can't export a PDF, when you are in the Draft View mode. Change to the Normal mode.

Hint.jpg Due to color display, we recommend you to always create a PDF first out of OCAD and print this PDF afterwards. OCAD works with CMYK Colors and they will only be displayed correctly this way. What you see on your screen are RGB-Colors from the Windows Graphics Device Interface (GDI). When you print maps directly out of OCAD, OCAD converts the CMYK values first in RGB values and your printer driver back to CMYK values. This way it may come to changes in the color values.

ColorDisplay.png

Tipps and Tricks

  • Define Shortcuts for faster drawing and editing.
  • Create a Map Grid and set e.g. to 10m to get a be better sense of distance in the terrain.
  • Tips with Keyboard and Mouse to optimize your drawing and editing skills in OCAD.
  • Read here how to copy objects or symbols from one map to another map or how to create a own Symbol Set.
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